Day 43 (Tue 27 Oct): Saigon to Nha Trang

Dawn broke:

… to the accompaniment of honking and bumping. It was 4am.  The road was pitted, and the horn is used as part of driving in Vietnam.  It’s not aggressive (well, only occasionally), but to warn other (especially smaller) vehicles that you’re there.  And the bus is big.  So lots of honking.  This is not conducive to sleep.  But I was tired.  So with my eye mask and ear plugs I managed to sleep for six of the nine hours, including through two wee stops*.  There weren’t many people on board, and I was surprised at how much sleep I got – enough to function the next day.  On a busier bus, however, it’d be very uncomfortable, not least because the berths are designed by and for Vietnamese who are at least a foot shorter than me, and significantly narrower.

Arriving in Nha Trang, I immediately didn’t click with the place.  I was expecting more life (and surf), but the streets were lined with characterless hotels, and the water was flat:

So I booked into a local hotel (I couldn’t even find it on TripAdvisor, let alone on any booking sites), and admired the creativity of their key ring design team:

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Made me chuckle, anyway – it looked just like an upside-down “T” 😉

Two sights in Nha Trang, which I did in an afternoon.  The pagoda (what else you were expecting?!) was a circus outside (Chinese tour groups overran the cafe immediately outside the top building), but pleasantly calm inside:

And here’s Great A’Tuin**:

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Or, of course, it could be Chukwa or Akupara from Hindu mythology, but my bet is that Pratchett’s reached here.

There were terraces outside with what appeared to be rows upon rows of funeral urns:

Each one with a plaque:

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Tourists lined the beach, but just one block inland was dominated by locals:

Cards, dominoes and Chinese chess were being played on plastic tables (with low plastic chairs) at the side of the road:

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With an outdoor barber (I had to do a double take):

And then I went via the bridge:

… where I saw this motorbike – there clearly aren’t regulations regarding the carriage of goods.  It was very impressive:

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.. to the temple where, on arrival, a funeral passed, complete with brass band and coffin (which surprised me because the Cambodian’s cremate, so I was expecting the Buddhist Vietnamese to do the same):

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“Ruins of the temple” were looking surprisingly good.  Like new, in fact.  And a small exhibition (completely devoid of visitors, as ever) showed what it looked like before:

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And here it is in all its present glory:

Walking back, I looked for a place to eat.  Unsurprisingly, seafood featured highly and most were pick-your-own: in the colour bowls are live animals/fish so you can choose exactly which one you want:

Menus were a little unappetising – the “Grilled fingernails with green onion” had obviously lost something in translation***.

And my first artistic shot:

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I wanted out, so detoured via the station to check out my escape route.  Standing in the queue, someone just came and stood right in front of me.  I’d been warned about this – the concept of queuing is alien to them.  A friendly but firm “Er, I think I was here first” caused a slightly embarrassed smile, and a move to the next cashier.  Then sunset on the beach before a night in a proper bed.  Bliss 🙂

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*When I asked the driver if there was a toilet on board, he looked at me in confusion.  Whilst we have the privilege of being aware of the rest of the world and, in some cases, experiencing first-hand how other people do things, I have to remind myself that most of the people I meet here don’t.  So the concept of “another way of doing things” is often beyond them.

**Another Discworld reference that you’ll all, of course, appreciate by now 😉

***I forgot to mention the case where translation had enhanced the message: at the pool in Kratie, the penultimate rule of a long, serious list was “No pissing in pool”.  Exactly.

Day 42 (Mon 26 Oct): Saigon (Cu Chi tunnels)

Organised tours are a blessing and a curse.  It’s great to be able to switch off and be herded to the main sights. It often works out cheaper, too.  But there are plenty of downsides.  For one, you’re never sure until you’re on board whether you’ve picked a good one or not.  Most are mediocre and, even with TripAdvisor, it’s difficult to sort the wheat from the chaff. And the itinerary always includes “commission stops” (my phrase), where we’re bussed to a local business and the tour guide/company receives a commission for anything bought.  There’s rarely any hard sell, but it eats up valuable time (and I’m running low on this!).

And so it was that we (“we” refers not just to our collective gaggle of tourists, but Ellie, Danny and I – after sharing our trip to the floating market in Can Tho, we bumped into each other again on this tour) ended up at an arts shop on the way to the tunnels. Proceeds apparently support those affected by Agent Orange (cf Day 41), with some impressive artistry:

But production on a scale like this inevitably produces mostly average stuff:


Extensive bombing forced the VC underground.  Literally.  Between 1945 and 1975, 250km of tunnels were constructed.  Oh, and they were built by hand (what, you thought they’d just get some diggers in?  First-world brain moment) at a rate of 10m per day.  That’s serious diligence.  Against the US’s bombs and technology were the VC’s tunnels and booby traps.  And remember, of course, that the VC won.

Ingenuity ruled.  Tunnels were too small for foreigners to negotiate:

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A sharp bend near each entrance prevented grenades going very far into the network, thus limiting their effect; tunnels drained into the Mekong allowing them to be used year-round (i.e. even during rainy season); entrances and exits were completely hidden beneath dirt and leaves allowing the VC to effectively come and go as they pleased (it took a while, for instance, for the Americans, who had inadvertently built a base on top of part of the network, to work out why they kept getting shot in their tents during the night):

When the US deployed dogs to locate the VC, they started washing with US soap and putting out the uniforms of US troops – the dogs recognised the smell as friendly.  Air holes were made to look like termite mounds:

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They repurposed US ammunition into booby traps and weapons:

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Delay grenades were dropped into US tanks, allowing the VC to run away before the explosion.

Finally, we were allowed into the tunnels (this is another disadvantage of organised tours – they’re in control; we spent two hours at the site, including a 30 min break, of which less than 10 mins were spent in the tunnels themselves).  They had obviously been modified to enable giant Europeans to participate, which I did:

One advantage of tours, however, is that you can pick up some useful info.  Saigon is Vietnam’s second city (after Hanoi) with a population of 10m spread throughout 19 districts (total population of Vietnam = 92m).  Eighty percent of Vietnamese are farmers, the country being the second biggest export of rice (after Thailand – I think I’ve mentioned that before).  He then generously advised us that “if you have any questions, just go for me anytime.”


Back in Saigon, I grabbed dinner from a street vendor (I’m finding that these are a much better deal – not only is it a third of the price of a restaurant meal, it’s tastier and more consistently good):

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… and then started planning my next move.  A few hours later, I’d cancelled my room for the evening and was on the sleeper bus, leaving behind Ho Chi Minh City for the next part of my adventure:

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Day 41 (Sun 25 Oct): Saigon (War Remnants Museum, key city landmarks)

Warning: you may find the photos in the first part of this post disturbing. To skip this (summary: US didn’t fight legally in Vietnam), whizz to the bottom of the page, and scroll up until you see the photo of a wide, white, poor-quality photo of what could be a palace, and the green lawn and fountain in front.  You’re safe from here down.

Vietnam was divided, and North Vietnam wanted to unify the country under communist rule.  South Vietnam didn’t like the sound of that, and neither did America and other anti-communist allies.  And so America joined the “Vietnam War” (also called the “Second Indochina War” but known in Vietnam as the “American War”).  On 30 April 1975, Saigon fell to the North Vietnam “Viet Cong” (VC) and, from this date, the country has been united under communist rule.

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But, of course, it wasn’t nice and neat like that.  It was bloody, rabid and devastating.  And whilst the “War Remnants Museum” clearly has a bias, the atrocities committed by the US are indefensible, their involvement questionable.  And they, and the world knew it:

“In Vietnam, we have totally flouted the rule of law, and we have flouted the United Nations Charter.  Ever since our first violations of the Geneva Accords, starting with the imposition of the first puppet regime in South Vietnam, the Diem regime, we have violated one tenet after another of international law and one treaty obligation after another, and the world knows it… a sad and shocking chronicle of our repudiation of the rule of law in our foreign policy practices.” American Senator Wayne Morse, Sept 23, 1965

So why did the US get involved at all?  The main reason was that they didn’t want the communism of the north spreading to the south, and it was clear that South Vietnam didn’t have the military might to resist without help.  They believed that if South Vietnam fell, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand (and then Burma and India) would follow (the “domino theory”).

What did they do?  OK, where to start.  They bombed the place to oblivion:


And this helps show the relative size of the operation:


But it was their treatment of the people and the planet that caused most international outcry.  One figure put the death toll at 3 million. Of which 2 million were innocent civilians.  Yep, two thirds of the people who died were the likes of you and me. The US killed indiscriminately.  Photographers were present throughout the conflict, and on all sides.  Individual images were distressing, but it was the effect of the whole exhibition that is difficult reproduce: image after harrowing image of death, torture and a disrespect for life.


Treatment of the enemy and prisoners repeatedly broke international law. But it was the dehumanising effect of war that stunned me.  In this photo, the decapitated bodies are upsetting enough, but it’s the expressions on their victors’ faces that disturbs me more.  As the caption says, war screws with your mind: 
Napalm bombs were used on civilians.  I cannot see how this could ever be justified. Another example of red rage clouding judgement at all levels:


In an attempt to curb the VC, they dropped defoliant on extensive swathes of Vietnam, the environmental and human consequences of which will last for generations:

“Agent Orange” contained an extremely toxic dioxin compound, which has devastating effects on not just plants but humans.  Herbicides were dropped over Vietnam – 80 million tonnes between 1961 and 1971. Birth defects will last for generations.  And we’re talking “serious” here, guys:

With the exception of one high-profile case (more on this another day), no US citizens have been punished for their crimes. In May 2009, it was decreed that the US, and those who made Agent Orange, were to compensate the victims and perform environmental remedial work.  American citizens who were affected have been addressed, but to-date no compensation for the Vietnamese has been forth-coming.

A more upbeat exhibition tried to demonstrate how Vietnam have recovered from the devastation, with photos of sporting, academic and social success.  It felt like a courageous attempt to end positively, but the images of the previous two hours couldn’t be that easily overlaid.


The Reunification Palace (or “Independence Palace”) was a light relief after the morning’s input.  Designed around Eastern philosophical symbols of truth, fidelity, humanity, wisdom and prosperity (amongst others), it’s still used (occasionally) for state meetings*.

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It was airy and full of natural light, even in the corridors:

Rooms looked impressive and pleasant to spend hours and hours of meetings in (if this is possible):

It also housed the only piano I’ve seen since I’ve been in Asia:

Unfortunately, it was also the only time I’ve ever been refused a play in a public building. And it wasn’t an individual “No”, it was a “this is not part of our culture and there’s not a chance you’ll get your hands on it, so don’t even try” kind of “No”. I looked wistfully at it, and moved on.

Underneath all this was where the real action took place, though.  Maps, communications equipment and furniture recreated the “bunker” used during wartime to direct military activity:

Random comment: here’s another example to help you understand Chinese tourists.  The sign clearly asks people not to touch the exhibits, and I pointed this out to the man.  Ken was right – they’ve just gotta touch everything:

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*I was walking round to the entrance when he stopped me, pointed to a locked side gate and explained that the palace was closed today due to an army meeting.  He showed me leaflets for other attractions, and seemed content when I thanked him for the information.  Firstly, it was very unlikely I’d chosen the same day as a meeting, as they happen very rarely. Secondly, they’d have almost certainly put it on their website. Thirdly, it was Sunday.  I assume he was being paid by the other attractions to divert visitors.  Or maybe he was just getting kicks out of thwarting tourists’ plans.  Nowt as queer as folk.


Notre Dame Cathedral was impressive, both outside:

And inside:

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I sat on a pew and reflected (and took a breather) and inadvertently got caught up in some hymn practice:

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It was actually very useful to see the written words, and hear how they sounded.  I reckon that more time and immersion in everyday life would make it much easier to pick up the language.  Supermarket visits help, too 🙂

Then to the French colonial-style post office:

And back via the Opera House:

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And the park.  We’d walked through here this morning and Halloween events were in full swing (it was 8am on Sunday morning – these people start early and don’t stop!):

The place was alive with people exercising, socialising and just having a good time.

And, finally, these are just to give you a sense of the place that is Saigon:

Day 40 (Sat 24 Oct): Can Tho to Saigon (Bitexco Financial Tower)

Vietnam = Cambodia + 20 years.  It’s like Cambodia’s big brother.  Natural features are very like it’s neighbour, but it’s more advanced.  I use that word hesitantly because it implies that commerical, economic and infrastructural development is “better”.

No tuk-tuks – that’s the first thing I noticed.  And I kinda missed them.  Whilst their hassling got wearing, tuk-tuk drivers were a friendly bunch.  Part of the reason for their absence is the road networks – at times it felt like being in America, as we left the Mekong Delta behind:


Tourist buses have replaced local vans.  I gained a comfortable seat and wifi (as long as you weren’t sitting at the back), but felt I lost some authenticity, even though the majority of passengers were Vietnamese.  Second world, not third.  As the bus station was 15km outside the city centre (why do they do that?), I got a moto and really enjoyed the journey (complete with helmet, which was a first):


Lots of bustling side streets extend from the main backpacker drag (Saigon’s answer to Bangkok’s Khao San Road), but it’s cleverly numbered: the first number indicates the position on the main road, and the second number shows where on the side road your destination is.  So to find my hotel (address number: 185/20) I went to 185 on the main road, and as I walked down the side street, the addresses increased, so the closest to the main road was 185/1… so I just walked until I got to number 20 (about 25m).


Bitexco’s Financial Tower was never going to match up to the Burj Khalifa, but the BJ isn’t in Saigon (now known as Ho Chi Minh City or “HCMC”, but all the locals still refer to it as Saigon).  A $5 Sprite bought me a seat on the 52nd floor (it was free to go up) from where I watched the sunset:

Is this a photobomb, d’ya reckon?

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Although I’ve never been to a bar where you’ve had to apply for cocktails:

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Blues guitar music from the other side of the bar started out OK, but got gradually worse (something to do with the beer he was knocking back?!).  It was pretty posh.  Or at least, they wanted it to be posh.  But I wasn’t the only one going casual – the Chinese and Vietnamese were dressed up, but a group of western middle-aged ladies were in beach attire – and I wondered whether we were let in because we were clearly western; ergo, we are rich.  Finding out how the other half live.  And it doesn’t sit quite right.

Wandering back through the park, I noticed groups of Vietnamese crowded round westerners.  I wondered if they were doing some ad hoc cultural exchange of sorts, but didn’t stop to find out.


On the surface, Vietnam appears to be very similar to Cambodia:

  • landscape
  • lots of dogs
  • detached properties
  • scooters
  • dust
  • relatively poor
  • building boom
  • terrible music (sorry, I really am trying)
  • shops and dwellings open to the street

But there were some immediately apparent differences:

  • scooter drivers (and their passengers) wear helmets
  • buses are government-run
  • Lots and lots and lots of lorries
  • More scooters than Cambodia
  • Lots more cars that Cambodia
  • Written language is based on the Latin alphabet (more on this later)
  • More exposed flesh
  • Higher-class establishments (i.e. more high-quality hotels, etc)
  • High buildings – I can’t recall seeing many skyscrapers in Phnom Penh
  • Western brands (food, clothing, etc); for instance, the shopping mall below the Bitexco Tower (of course there was) had a Top Shop:

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… and did you notice that 12 was the largest size offered?

Random photo: you remember I mentioned that the middle-aged lady attire of choice was the matching top/bottom combo?  Here it is again:

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They don’t really need Top Shop after all.